Commercialized Denim Fabric Production with Post-Industrial and Post-Consumer Wastes

The purpose of this study was to produce 100% recycled denim without a tradeoff in quality according to zero waste concepts.

Initially, the waste points from raw materials to final product in denim fabric production process were determined.

Then, denim fabrics were produced from post-industrial (recycled cotton fibers obtained from denim wastes) and post-consumer wastes (produced from recycled PET bottles).

Classic cotton fibers and alternative regenerated cellulose fibers (Tencel®) were used as carrier fiber in addition to mentioned fibers for eliminating recycled fibers disadvantages.

The effect of fiber types on yarn or fabric characteristics were investigated in accordance with planning design and construction.

Furthermore, the relationships between fibers and yarns/fabric results were statistically evaluated using correlation analysis.

The results of this investigation show that the amount of fibers have a significant effect on yarn unevenness, thick places, neps, hairiness, air permeability and abrasion resistance of the samples.

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The effect of recycled fibers on the washing performance of denim fabrics

In this study, denim fabrics were produced with yarns obtained from cotton fibers (CO), recycled cotton fibers obtained from yarn wastes (r-CO), and fibers produced from recycled PET bottles (r-PET).

Enzyme and stone washing processes were applied systematically on these fabrics. Mass per unit area, breaking force, elongation at max force, tear strength, air permeability, and circular bending rigidity of fabrics were measured.

The findings showed that r-CO fiber has negative effect on tear and breaking force. Breaking force, elongation at max force, and tear strength values of the fabrics increased depending on the increase in r-PET content.

However, fabric handle was negatively affected associated with the r-PET ratio due to the increase in stiffness.

Mass per unit area, breaking force, air permeability, and circular bending rigidity values of fabrics decreased after the washing processes.

The effect of fibers on enzyme- or stone-washed fabrics showed a change according to finished fabrics.

It can be said that fabrics containing r-PET are more resistant than cotton and recycled cotton in various aggressive denim washing methods such as bleaching or different washing process conditions such as rising temperature, and time.

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Effect of Microfilament Yarns on The Performance Properties of Denim Fabrics

When efforts for innovation in product design are combined with developments in filament yarn technology, these yarns open different alternatives on behalf of evaluate the textile industry.

From this point of view, usage of filament and multifilament yarn structure in denim sector has been a research subject.

In this study, denim fabrics were designed and produced by using multifilament polyester yarns with seven different filament numbers.

The tensile strength (warp/weft), tear strength (warp/weft), stretch properties, air permeability, stiffness, water vapor absorption and hydrostatic pressure test of fabrics were performed.

Fabric stiffness increase and air permeability decrease as long as yarns have more microstructure through higher filament number.

Moreover, it is foreseen that fabric problems may be experienced in terms of elasticity growth when yarns have higher filament number.

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A Study on Usage of Chenille Yarn in Denim Fabric Production

Producers benefit from various applications to increase the usage of denim for the winter seasons.

However, the current applications have negative effects on clothing comfort.

In this study, availability of chenille yarn, which is a type of fancy yarn for denim industry, has been examined by improving aforementioned clothing comfort.

We investigated the differences between breaking strength, breaking elongation, tear strength and abrasion resistance of chenille denim and standard denim which have the same values of mass per unit area.

Consequently, in contrast to earlier findings that chenille yarns have lower abrasion resistance, this research explores unanticipated findings.

Furthermore, acceptable values in point of tear strength, breaking strength and elongation were obtained of the chenille denim.

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PET Şişe Atıklarının Tekstil Endüstrisinde Değerlendirilmesi ve Sürdürülebilirliğe Katkısı

ÖZET: Plastiklerin geri dönüşüm teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmeler, fiyat ve ekolojik avantajlar nedeniyle tekstil endüstrisi için yeni bir hammadde kaynağının oluşmasını sağlamıştır. Günümüzde tekstil sektöründe en fazla tüketilen  polimer olan Polietilentereftalat (PET) polimeri; çoğunlukla su, meşrubat vb. sıvı gıdaların piyasaya sürülmesi amacıyla kullanılan PET ambalajlardan geri dönüşüm tesislerinde PET talaşları olarak geri kazanılabilmektedir. PET talaşlarının eriyikten lif çekim yöntemi ile kullanılabilir life dönüşmesi de mümkündür. Bu çalışmada PET talaşlarının tekstil sektöründe kullanımı açıklanarak, Türkiye'deki PET talaş ve bu talaşlardan lif üreten işletmelerimizin durumu hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. Ayrıca Türkiye'de kurulu işletmeleri, bu alanda sahip oldukları teknolojik düzey bakımından, yurtdışındaki emsalleriyle karşılaştırma imkanı da olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, geleceğe yönelik bu alanda yapılması gereken yenilikler ve izlenmesi gereken stratejiler üzerine tavsiyelerde bulunulmaktadır.

ABSTRACT: Developments in plastics recycling enabled a new raw material for textile industry which creates economical and ecological advantages.Polyethyleneterephthalate (PET),which is the most consumed polymer in textiles recently, is recycled into PET flakes from bottles which have been used for water; oil, drinks etc. packaging. It is possible to spin fibers from melted PET flakes. In this study, usage of PET flakes in textile industry was explained. Based on this explanation, some information about the conditions of Turkish plants which produces PET flakes and fibers from these flakes were given. Moreover, Turkish recycle plants of PET fiber are compared with similar foreign plants in terms of technological background. In this context, some advices are given about developments which have to be accomplished and strategies in this field that should be followed.

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Effect of Recycled PET Fibers on the Performance Properties of Knitted Fabrics

PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is mostly used in textile and packaging industries.

PET Bottle wastes are separated from other wastes and after that some processes are applied to obtain PET flakes, such as breaking, washing, drying and etc.

r-PET fibers are produced by melt spinning method from these recycled PET flakes.

r-PET fibers have already been used for secondary textile products like as carpet bottoms, sleeping bags and insulation materials. In this study usability of recycled PET fibers in apparel industry were researched.

Comparative investigations of bursting strength, abrasion resistance, air permeability, surface friction, circular bending rigidity and dimensional stability properties were done to knitted fabrics produced from r-PET and blends with PET and cotton fibers.

It was found that, instead of PET, r-PET fibers can be blended in certain amounts without compromising fabrics performance.

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Utilization of Waste Yarns in Hair Interlining Industry

There has been an innovation need for utilizing fine yarn wastes nowadays.

In this study, probability of using yarn wastes in hair interlining industry has been investigated.

Information about hair interlining was given and production problems were investigated.

It was underlined that by using wastes these problems can be solved environment-consciously.

Mass per unit area, breaking strength, elongation at break, fiber blending ratio, circular bending stiffness, and dimensional change of standard and environment-friendly interlinings were tested and comparatively investigated.

Consequentially, environment-friendly hair interlinings produced from different yarn wastes have lower shrinkage results.

It was found that breaking strength, elongation at break, and circular bending stiffness results of the two fabrics had no remarkable difference.

With this study, suitable utilizing area for waste yarns were found and singeing and sizing steps of the production were eliminated.

In every sense, this study brings innovations for hair interlining production and makes contributions to the environment.

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